PFAS Substances

The full name of these chemicals is per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.

They are known for their persistence in the environment and in the human body, which has earned them the nickname "forever chemicals".

What are they used in?

• Fire-resistant clothing and equipment
• Firefighting foams
• Water-resistant fabrics
• Fertilisers

• Food packaging
• Cleaning products
• Cosmetics
• Paints and varnishes
• Medical devices

Why are they so widely used?

• Versatility
• Durability
• Water and oil repellency
• High thermal and chemical stability

Impacts of PFAS

Like any chemicals, PFAS have negative impacts in several areas, such as:

Mitigation and solutions under research

• Switching to safer alternative substances
• Legislation and awareness-raising
• New decontamination strategies

Environmental impacts

• Widespread pollution, at many sites, over long distances and across generations
• Difficult and costly decontamination

Exposure pathways

• Skin contact
• Inhalation
• Ingestion

Health implications of PFAS exposure

• Metabolic disorders
• Endocrine disruption
• Cardiovascular health risks
• Liver and kidney damage

• Higher cancer risk
• Effects on the immune system
• Effects on foetal development